Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-10-17 Origin: Site
The rotary drilling rig, as a core equipment in foundation engineering, relies on the coordinated operation of various key components to achieve efficient operation. Understanding its core structure and functions not only enables operators to better control the equipment, but also provides a basis for daily maintenance and fault diagnosis. In the following section, we will dissect the key components and functions of the rotary drilling rig from the three core systems of power, operation, and control.
The power system is the energy source of the rotary drilling rig, determining the operation efficiency and stability of the equipment. The core components include the engine and the hydraulic system.
Engine:
Most commonly use high-power diesel engines to provide the basic power for the entire machine and drive the hydraulic pump, generator and other key components to operate, meeting the power requirements for different working conditions such as drilling, rotation, and movement.
Hydraulic system:
Composed of hydraulic pumps, hydraulic motors, hydraulic cylinders, etc., it is the core of power transmission. Through the pressure changes of hydraulic oil, the engine power is converted into mechanical actions, precisely controlling the lifting of the drill pipe, the rotation and excavation of the drill bucket, and ensuring a smooth and controllable operation process.
The operating system directly acts on the construction process and is the core execution part of the rotary drilling rig for completing the drilling task. It mainly consists of the drill pipe, drill bucket, luffing mechanism and rotating platform.
Drill pipe:
It is in the form of multi-section telescopic type and is made of high-strength steel. It is responsible for transmitting torque and applying downward pressure. During operation, the depth of the drilling hole is adjusted by extending and contracting the sections, and the rotational force of the rotating platform is transmitted to the drill bucket to ensure the vertical accuracy of the drilling hole.
Drill bucket:
Depending on the geological conditions, it is divided into types such as spiral drill bucket and toothed drill bucket, and is the component that directly contacts the soil or rock. Through rotational cutting or grasping the soil, it completes the actions of soil extraction and soil discharge. The structural design of the drill bucket directly affects the drilling efficiency and the retention rate of the debris.
Luffing mechanism:
It consists of luffing cylinders and the boom. It can adjust the angle and height of the boom, thereby changing the working position of the drill bucket. Before operation, it aligns the pile position through the luffing mechanism, and during operation, it adjusts the drilling radius by extending and contracting the drill pipe to improve the flexibility of the equipment's operation.
Rotating platform:
It is installed above the chassis and can rotate 360 degrees, carrying components such as the drill pipe and luffing mechanism. Through the rotating action, the position of soil discharge of the drill bucket is adjusted, allowing multi-pile position operations without moving the entire machine, significantly improving the construction efficiency.
The control system is responsible for coordinating the operation of all systems, ensuring that the equipment operates precisely and safely. Key components include the operation console and the electronic monitoring system.
Operation Console:
It integrates components such as operation handles, buttons, and display screens. Operators control actions such as raising and lowering the drill pipe, rotating the drill bucket, and rotating the platform through the handles. Buttons are used to switch operation modes and activate safety protection functions to achieve real-time control of the equipment.
Electronic Monitoring System:
It collects real-time data such as engine speed, hydraulic oil temperature, drill pipe pressure, and drilling depth through sensors and displays them intuitively on the screen. When parameters exceed the safety range, the system will automatically alarm to remind the operator to handle it in time to avoid equipment damage or safety accidents.
The chassis system supports the overall weight of the machine and enables its movement and stability during operation. The core components are the walking mechanism and the outriggers.
Walking mechanism:
It mostly adopts a track design, suitable for complex construction site terrains. The rotation of the tracks enables the equipment to move forward, backward and turn, meeting the movement requirements between different pile positions, and the large contact area of the tracks can reduce the pressure on the ground and prevent the machine from getting stuck.
Outrigger:
It is divided into hydraulic telescopic outriggers. Before operation, the outriggers are extended outward and placed on the ground to increase the supporting area and stability of the entire machine, prevent the equipment from tilting during drilling, and ensure the vertical accuracy of the drilling.
The various components of the rotary drilling rig are closely linked, from power output to operation execution, and to precise control, jointly forming an efficient foundation construction equipment. Mastering these core structures and functions can provide strong support for the standardized operation and daily maintenance of the equipment, further improving construction efficiency and safety.
