Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-10-14 Origin: Site
In the field of foundation engineering construction, rotary drilling rigs have become core equipment for pile foundation construction due to their advantages of high efficiency and flexible hole-forming. For beginners, mastering the classification logic and selection criteria of rotary drilling rigs is a key prerequisite to ensuring engineering quality and controlling costs. The following provides a concise overview from two aspects: classification dimensions and core selection points.
The classification of rotary drilling rigs needs to be combined with core elements such as construction scenarios and technical parameters. There are mainly three common classification methods, and different categories correspond to different applicable scenarios. Beginners can preliminarily determine the equipment type based on engineering requirements.
From the perspective of drive method, rotary drilling rigs can be divided into hydraulic drive and mechanical drive types. Hydraulic drive rotary drilling rigs, thanks to the stability of the hydraulic system and the flexibility of power adjustment, can adapt to precise operations in complex geological conditions. For example, in hard formations such as rock layers and gravel layers, the drilling speed can be controlled by adjusting the hydraulic pressure, reducing the risk of hole wall collapse. At present, they have become mainstream models. Mechanical drive types, on the other hand, transmit power through mechanical structures such as gears and chains. Although they have lower costs and simple maintenance, their power output stability is weaker. They are more suitable for shallow hole construction in loose formations such as clay and silt, and still have limited applications in small civil engineering projects.
According to the hole diameter and depth, they can be divided into small, medium, and large rotary drilling rigs. Small drills typically have a hole diameter of 0.5-1.2 meters and a maximum hole depth of about 30 meters. They are flexible in body and convenient for relocation, suitable for shallow hole operations such as municipal peline networks and small building pile foundations. Medium drills have a hole diameter of 1.2-2.5 meters and a depth reachable 50 meters. They balance flexibility and operational efficiency and are the main force in conventional building pile foundation construction for residential and commercial buildings. Large drills have a hole diameter exceeding 2.5 meters and a depth that can exceed 80 meters. With a large body weight and strong stability, they are mainly used for deep-hole, large-diameter pile foundation projects such as bridges, high-speed railway piers, and large industrial equipment foundations, capable of meeting more complex load requirements.
According to the travel method, they can also be divided into tracked and wheeled rotary drilling rigs. Tracked drills, relying on the advantage of large ground contact area of tracks, have extremely strong ground adaptability. They can not only operate stably in complex terrains such as soft ground and mountains but also achieve 360-degree rotational construction, making them the first choice for field engineering and large infrastructure projects. Wheeled drills, using tires as travel components, have fast mobility and convenient relocation without the need for additional auxiliary transportation equipment. However, they have higher requirements for site flatness and are more suitable for short-distance relocation operations in hardened urban sites and small and medium-sized projects. They should not be used in muddy or steeply sloped sites.
Equipment selection should revolve around actual engineering requirements, comprehensively considering multiple factors to avoid 'using a big hammer for a small nail' or 'insufficient capacity'. Beginners can follow the following core principles to gradually screen options.
First, match engineering demand parameters, which is the foundation of selection. It is necessary to first clarify the design diameter, depth, and single-pile bearing capacity of the pile foundation: if the hole diameter is 1.5 meters and the depth is 40 meters, medium-sized track-type or tire-type drills can meet the requirements; if the diameter reaches 3 meters and the depth is 60 meters, large track-type drills need to be selected to ensure that the equipment's torque and lifting force can meet the requirements of deep hole drilling and steel cage hoisting. At the same time, engineering schedule and working efficiency should also be considered. When the schedule is tight, priority should be given to selecting machines with stronger power and faster drilling speed, such as hydraulic-driven medium or large drills, to avoid delays in the schedule due to insufficient equipment efficiency.
Secondly, adapt to construction site conditions. Terrain and ground bearing capacity of the site directly affect the selection of walking methods: for muddy fields, mountains and other outdoor areas, track-type drills are preferred; for urban hardened roads and medium-small sites, tire-type drills can be considered; if the site space is narrow, attention should be paid to the minimum rotating radius of the drill, and compact and flexible machines should be selected to avoid the problem that the equipment is too large to Start working on the assignment. In addition, the surrounding environment of the site should also be taken into account, such as choosing low-noise and low-vibration hydraulic-driven drills for construction in residential areas to reduce interference with the surrounding environment.
Finally, combine the characteristics of geological conditions. Different geological conditions have great differences in requirements for the drilling capacity and drill bit adaptability of drills, which is a key point that beginners are easy to ignore. For soft strata such as clay and silt, medium and small drills paired with ordinary spiral drill buckets can efficiently form holes; if the stratum contains gravel and Gravel, drills with larger torque should be selected, and rock spiral drill buckets or sand Dive for diamonds buckets should be equipped to prevent drill bucket blockage and drilling jamming; when encountering rock strata, hydraulic-driven drills with impact functions or high torque must be selected, paired with roller cone drill buckets or toothed drill buckets, to ensure that the rock strata can be Broken and stable hole formation, and avoid drilling difficulties caused by insufficient equipment power, or even damage to the drill bits.
In short, when beginners select rotary excavator drills, they need to first clarify the applicable range of equipment through classification, and then comprehensively judge based on engineering parameters, site and geological conditions. If necessary, consult equipment manufacturers or experienced practitioners to ensure that the selection meets construction requirements while taking into account economy and safety.
