Application and Safety Management of Cranes in High-Rise Building Construction

    In modern high-rise building construction, cranes, as core equipment for vertical and horizontal transportation, directly determine construction efficiency, progress, and overall safety. With the continuous increase in building height and the increasing complexity of structural forms, the rational selection of cranes, standardized hoisting procedures, and strict safety management have become key links in engineering construction.

    Commonly used equipment in high-rise building construction includes tower cranes, construction elevators, and truck cranes. Among them, tower cranes have become the main type of equipment for main structure construction due to their wide coverage, large lifting height, and strong operational continuity. The selection of cranes should be comprehensively determined based on building height, structural weight, operating radius, on-site conditions, and surrounding environment to ensure that the lifting performance meets construction needs while taking into account installation and disassembly conditions.

    High-rise building hoisting operations follow standardized procedures: technical disclosure is conducted before construction to clarify lifting point positions, component weights, hoisting sequences, and command signals; a comprehensive inspection of the crane is carried out, including the steel structure, transmission mechanism, braking system, steel wire ropes, hooks, and safety devices, and operations can only proceed after confirming that the equipment is in good condition. During hoisting, the principle of "trial hoisting first, then formal hoisting" is followed. First, the component is lifted a small distance off the ground to check the stress, balance, and braking reliability. If there are no abnormalities, it is then steadily lifted, rotated, and positioned.

    During the hoisting process, the operation rhythm is strictly controlled to avoid sudden starts and stops, oblique pulling and hoisting, and overloading. When positioning components, the hook is lowered slowly, with on-site personnel assisting in positioning. The hook is only unhooked after confirming that the component is firmly fixed. In view of the characteristics of high-rise construction such as large wind loads, limited visibility, and many cross operations, command signals are unified, warning areas are demarcated, and unrelated personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the operating radius.

    Safety management is the top priority in the application of cranes. Daily management requires the implementation of regular equipment inspections, maintenance, and repair records, and it is strictly prohibited to operate equipment with faults. Focus on monitoring the wear, broken wires, and deformation of steel wire ropes, and replace unqualified components in a timely manner; ensure that safety devices such as torque limiters, height limiters, luffing limiters, and travel limiters are sensitive and effective, and they must not be dismantled or short-circuited without authorization.

    Operators must hold valid certificates. Commanders, drivers, and riggers should cooperate closely and be familiar with operating procedures and emergency disposal methods. In case of severe weather such as heavy rain, heavy snow, heavy fog, or winds of level 6 or above, outdoor lifting operations must be stopped immediately, and windproof and anti-skid measures should be taken. At the same time, an on-site safety inspection and hidden danger rectification mechanism should be established to promptly identify and eliminate risks such as illegal operations, equipment defects, and irregular site conditions.

    Against the backdrop of the rapid development of high-rise buildings, the scientific application of cranes and full-process safety management can not only ensure accurate and efficient structural hoisting but also effectively prevent lifting accidents, providing a solid guarantee for project quality, construction progress, and on-site safety.